local api = vim.api
local validate = vim.validate

local lsp = vim._defer_require('vim.lsp', {
  _capability = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp._capability'
  _changetracking = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp._changetracking'
  _folding_range = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp._folding_range'
  _snippet_grammar = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp._snippet_grammar'
  _tagfunc = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp._tagfunc'
  _watchfiles = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp._watchfiles'
  buf = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.buf'
  client = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.client'
  codelens = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.codelens'
  completion = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.completion'
  diagnostic = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.diagnostic'
  document_color = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.document_color'
  handlers = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.handlers'
  inlay_hint = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.inlay_hint'
  inline_completion = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.inline_completion'
  linked_editing_range = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.linked_editing_range'
  log = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.log'
  on_type_formatting = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.on_type_formatting'
  protocol = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.protocol'
  rpc = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.rpc'
  semantic_tokens = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.semantic_tokens'
  util = ..., --- @module 'vim.lsp.util'
})

local log = lsp.log
local protocol = lsp.protocol
local util = lsp.util
local changetracking = lsp._changetracking

-- Export these directly from rpc.
---@nodoc
lsp.rpc_response_error = lsp.rpc.rpc_response_error

-- TODO improve handling of scratch buffers with LSP attached.

--- Called by the client when trying to call a method that's not
--- supported in any of the servers registered for the current buffer.
---@param method (vim.lsp.protocol.Method.ClientToServer) name of the method
function lsp._unsupported_method(method)
  local msg = string.format(
    'vim.lsp: method %q is not supported by any server activated for this buffer',
    method
  )
  log.warn(msg)
  return msg
end

---@param workspace_folders string|lsp.WorkspaceFolder[]?
---@return lsp.WorkspaceFolder[]?
function lsp._get_workspace_folders(workspace_folders)
  if type(workspace_folders) == 'table' then
    return workspace_folders
  elseif type(workspace_folders) == 'string' then
    return {
      {
        uri = vim.uri_from_fname(workspace_folders),
        name = workspace_folders,
      },
    }
  end
end

local wait_result_reason = { [-1] = 'timeout', [-2] = 'interrupted', [-3] = 'error' }

local format_line_ending = {
  ['unix'] = '\n',
  ['dos'] = '\r\n',
  ['mac'] = '\r',
}

---@param bufnr integer
---@return string
function lsp._buf_get_line_ending(bufnr)
  return format_line_ending[vim.bo[bufnr].fileformat] or '\n'
end

local client_errors_base = table.maxn(lsp.rpc.client_errors)
local client_errors_offset = 0

local function client_error(name)
  client_errors_offset = client_errors_offset + 1
  local index = client_errors_base + client_errors_offset
  return { [name] = index, [index] = name }
end

--- Error codes to be used with `on_error` from |vim.lsp.start_client|.
--- Can be used to look up the string from a the number or the number
--- from the string.
--- @nodoc
lsp.client_errors = vim.tbl_extend(
  'error',
  lsp.rpc.client_errors,
  client_error('BEFORE_INIT_CALLBACK_ERROR'),
  client_error('ON_INIT_CALLBACK_ERROR'),
  client_error('ON_ATTACH_ERROR'),
  client_error('ON_EXIT_CALLBACK_ERROR')
)

--- Returns full text of buffer {bufnr} as a string.
---
---@param bufnr integer Buffer handle, or 0 for current.
---@return string # Buffer text as string.
function lsp._buf_get_full_text(bufnr)
  local line_ending = lsp._buf_get_line_ending(bufnr)
  local text = table.concat(api.nvim_buf_get_lines(bufnr, 0, -1, true), line_ending)
  if vim.bo[bufnr].eol then
    text = text .. line_ending
  end
  return text
end

--- @param client vim.lsp.Client
--- @param config vim.lsp.ClientConfig
--- @return boolean
local function reuse_client_default(client, config)
  if client.name ~= config.name or client:is_stopped() then
    return false
  end

  local config_folders = lsp._get_workspace_folders(config.workspace_folders or config.root_dir)

  if not config_folders or not next(config_folders) then
    -- Reuse if the client was configured with no workspace folders
    local client_config_folders =
      lsp._get_workspace_folders(client.config.workspace_folders or client.config.root_dir)
    return not client_config_folders or not next(client_config_folders)
  end

  for _, config_folder in ipairs(config_folders) do
    local found = false
    for _, client_folder in ipairs(client.workspace_folders or {}) do
      if config_folder.uri == client_folder.uri then
        found = true
        break
      end
    end
    if not found then
      return false
    end
  end

  return true
end

--- Creates and initializes a client with the given configuration.
--- @param config vim.lsp.ClientConfig Configuration for the server.
--- @return integer? client_id |vim.lsp.get_client_by_id()| Note: client may not be
---         fully initialized. Use `on_init` to do any actions once
---         the client has been initialized.
--- @return string? # Error message, if any
local function create_and_init_client(config)
  local ok, res = pcall(require('vim.lsp.client').create, config)
  if not ok then
    return nil, res --[[@as string]]
  end

  local client = assert(res)

  client:initialize()

  return client.id, nil
end

--- @class vim.lsp.Config : vim.lsp.ClientConfig
---
--- See `cmd` in [vim.lsp.ClientConfig].
--- See also `reuse_client` to dynamically decide (per-buffer) when `cmd` should be re-invoked.
--- @field cmd? string[]|fun(dispatchers: vim.lsp.rpc.Dispatchers, config: vim.lsp.ClientConfig): vim.lsp.rpc.PublicClient
---
--- Filetypes the client will attach to, or `nil` for ALL filetypes. To match files by name,
--- pattern, or contents, you can define a custom filetype using |vim.filetype.add()|:
--- ```lua
--- vim.filetype.add({
---   filename = {
---     ['my_filename'] = 'my_filetype1',
---   },
---   pattern = {
---     ['.*/etc/my_file_pattern/.*'] = 'my_filetype2',
---   },
--- })
--- vim.lsp.config('…', {
---   filetypes = { 'my_filetype1', 'my_filetype2' },
--- })
--- ```
--- @field filetypes? string[]
---
--- Predicate which decides if a client should be re-used. Used on all running clients. The default
--- implementation re-uses a client if name and root_dir matches.
--- @field reuse_client? fun(client: vim.lsp.Client, config: vim.lsp.ClientConfig): boolean #
---
--- [lsp-root_dir()]()
--- Decides the workspace root: the directory where the LSP server will base its workspaceFolders,
--- rootUri, and rootPath on initialization. The function form must call the `on_dir` callback to
--- provide the root dir, or LSP will not be activated for the buffer. Thus a `root_dir()` function
--- can dynamically decide per-buffer whether to activate (or skip) LSP.
--- See example at |vim.lsp.enable()|.
--- @field root_dir? string|fun(bufnr: integer, on_dir:fun(root_dir?:string)) #
---
--- [lsp-root_markers]()
--- Filename(s) (".git/", "package.json", …) used to decide the workspace root. Unused if `root_dir`
--- is defined. The list order decides priority. To indicate "equal priority", specify names in
--- a nested list `{ { 'a.txt', 'b.lua' }, ... }`.
--- - For each item, Nvim will search upwards (from the buffer file) for that marker, or list of
---   markers; search stops at the first directory containing that marker, and the directory is used
---   as the root dir (workspace folder).
--- - Example: Find the first ancestor directory containing file or directory "stylua.toml"; if not
---   found, find the first ancestor containing ".git":
---   ```
---   root_markers = { 'stylua.toml', '.git' }
---   ```
--- - Example: Find the first ancestor directory containing EITHER "stylua.toml" or ".luarc.json";
---   if not found, find the first ancestor containing ".git":
---   ```
---   root_markers = { { 'stylua.toml', '.luarc.json' }, '.git' }
---   ```
---
--- @field root_markers? (string|string[])[]

--- Sets the default configuration for an LSP client (or _all_ clients if the special name "*" is
--- used).
---
--- Can also be accessed by table-indexing (`vim.lsp.config[…]`) to get the resolved config, or
--- redefine the config (instead of "merging" with the config chain).
---
--- Examples:
---
--- - Add root markers for ALL clients:
---   ```lua
---   vim.lsp.config('*', {
---       root_markers = { '.git', '.hg' },
---     })
---   ```
--- - Add capabilities to ALL clients:
---   ```lua
---   vim.lsp.config('*', {
---     capabilities = {
---       textDocument = {
---         semanticTokens = {
---           multilineTokenSupport = true,
---         }
---       }
---     }
---   })
---   ```
--- - Add root markers and capabilities for "clangd":
---   ```lua
---   vim.lsp.config('clangd', {
---     root_markers = { '.clang-format', 'compile_commands.json' },
---     capabilities = {
---       textDocument = {
---         completion = {
---           completionItem = {
---             snippetSupport = true,
---           }
---         }
---       }
---     }
---   })
---   ```
--- - (Re-)define the "clangd" configuration (overrides the resolved chain):
---   ```lua
---   vim.lsp.config.clangd = {
---     cmd = {
---       'clangd',
---       '--clang-tidy',
---       '--background-index',
---       '--offset-encoding=utf-8',
---     },
---     root_markers = { '.clangd', 'compile_commands.json' },
---     filetypes = { 'c', 'cpp' },
---   }
---   ```
--- - Get the resolved configuration for "lua_ls":
---   ```lua
---   local cfg = vim.lsp.config.lua_ls
---   ```
---
---@since 13
---
--- @param name string
--- @param cfg vim.lsp.Config
--- @diagnostic disable-next-line:assign-type-mismatch
function lsp.config(name, cfg)
  local _, _ = name, cfg -- ignore unused
  -- dummy proto for docs
end

lsp._enabled_configs = {} --- @type table<string,{resolved_config:vim.lsp.Config?}>

--- If a config in vim.lsp.config() is accessed then the resolved config becomes invalid.
--- @param name string
local function invalidate_enabled_config(name)
  if name == '*' then
    for _, v in pairs(lsp._enabled_configs) do
      v.resolved_config = nil
    end
  elseif lsp._enabled_configs[name] then
    lsp._enabled_configs[name].resolved_config = nil
  end
end

--- @param name any
local function validate_config_name(name)
  validate('name', name, function(value)
    if type(value) ~= 'string' then
      return false
    end
    if value ~= '*' and value:match('%*') then
      return false, 'LSP config name cannot contain wildcard ("*")'
    end
    return true
  end, 'non-wildcard string')
end

--- @nodoc
--- @class vim.lsp.config
--- @field [string] vim.lsp.Config?
--- @field package _configs table<string,vim.lsp.Config>
lsp.config = setmetatable({ _configs = {} }, {
  --- @param self vim.lsp.config
  --- @param name string
  --- @return vim.lsp.Config?
  __index = function(self, name)
    validate_config_name(name)

    local rconfig = lsp._enabled_configs[name] or {}

    if not rconfig.resolved_config then
      if name == '*' then
        rconfig.resolved_config = lsp.config._configs['*'] or {}
        return rconfig.resolved_config
      end

      -- Resolve configs from lsp/*.lua
      -- Calls to vim.lsp.config in lsp/* have a lower precedence than calls from other sites.
      local rtp_config --- @type vim.lsp.Config?
      for _, v in ipairs(api.nvim_get_runtime_file(('lsp/%s.lua'):format(name), true)) do
        local config = assert(loadfile(v))() ---@type any?
        if type(config) == 'table' then
          --- @type vim.lsp.Config?
          rtp_config = vim.tbl_deep_extend('force', rtp_config or {}, config)
        else
          error(('%s: not a table'):format(v))
        end
      end

      if not rtp_config and not self._configs[name] then
        return
      end

      rconfig.resolved_config = vim.tbl_deep_extend(
        'force',
        lsp.config._configs['*'] or {},
        rtp_config or {},
        self._configs[name] or {}
      )
      rconfig.resolved_config.name = name
    end

    return rconfig.resolved_config
  end,

  --- @param self vim.lsp.config
  --- @param name string
  --- @param cfg vim.lsp.Config
  __newindex = function(self, name, cfg)
    validate_config_name(name)
    local msg = ('table (hint: to resolve a config, use vim.lsp.config["%s"])'):format(name)
    validate('cfg', cfg, 'table', msg)
    invalidate_enabled_config(name)
    self._configs[name] = cfg
  end,

  --- @param self vim.lsp.config
  --- @param name string
  --- @param cfg vim.lsp.Config
  __call = function(self, name, cfg)
    validate_config_name(name)
    local msg = ('table (hint: to resolve a config, use vim.lsp.config["%s"])'):format(name)
    validate('cfg', cfg, 'table', msg)
    invalidate_enabled_config(name)
    self[name] = vim.tbl_deep_extend('force', self._configs[name] or {}, cfg)
  end,
})

--- @return string[]
local function get_config_names()
  local config_names = vim
    .iter(api.nvim_get_runtime_file('lsp/*.lua', true))
    --- @param path string
    :map(function(path)
      local file_name = path:match('[^/]*.lua$')
      return file_name:sub(0, #file_name - 4)
    end)
    :totable()

  vim.list_extend(config_names, vim.tbl_keys(lsp.config._configs))

  return vim
    .iter(config_names)
    :unique()
    --- @param name string
    :filter(function(name)
      return name ~= '*'
    end)
    :totable()
end

--- Key-value pairs used to filter the returned configs.
--- @class vim.lsp.get_configs.Filter
--- @inlinedoc
---
--- If true, only return enabled configs. If false, only return configs that
--- aren't enabled.
--- @field enabled? boolean
---
--- Only return configs which attach to the given filetype.
--- @field filetype? string

--- Gets LSP configs.
---
--- See also [vim.lsp.get_clients()] to get the runtime values of dynamic fields like `root_dir`,
--- which depend on the current buffer/workspace/etc.
---
--- WARNING: May eagerly (prematurely!) evaluate config files in 'runtimepath'.
---
--- @since 14
--- @param filter? vim.lsp.get_configs.Filter
--- @return vim.lsp.Config[]: List of |vim.lsp.Config| objects
function lsp.get_configs(filter)
  validate('filter', filter, 'table', true)

  filter = filter or {}

  local configs = {} --- @type vim.lsp.Config[]

  local config_names = filter.enabled
      -- Get enabled configs, without resolving other configs.
      and vim.tbl_keys(lsp._enabled_configs)
    or get_config_names()

  for _, config_name in ipairs(config_names) do
    local config = lsp.config[config_name]
    if
      config
      and (filter.enabled ~= false or not lsp.is_enabled(config_name))
      and (
        filter.filetype == nil
        or (config.filetypes ~= nil and vim.list_contains(config.filetypes, filter.filetype))
      )
    then
      configs[#configs + 1] = config
    end
  end
  return configs
end

local lsp_enable_autocmd_id --- @type integer?

local function validate_cmd(v)
  if type(v) == 'table' then
    if vim.fn.executable(v[1]) == 0 then
      return false, v[1] .. ' is not executable'
    end
    return true
  end
  return type(v) == 'function'
end

--- @param config vim.lsp.Config
local function validate_config(config)
  validate('cmd', config.cmd, validate_cmd, 'expected function or table with executable command')
  validate('reuse_client', config.reuse_client, 'function', true)
  validate('filetypes', config.filetypes, 'table', true)
end

--- Returns true if:
--- 1. the config is managed by vim.lsp,
--- 2. it applies to the given buffer, and
--- 3. its config is valid (in particular: its `cmd` isn't broken).
---
--- @param bufnr integer
--- @param config vim.lsp.Config
--- @param logging boolean
local function can_start(bufnr, config, logging)
  assert(config)
  if
    type(config.filetypes) == 'table'
    and not vim.tbl_contains(config.filetypes, vim.bo[bufnr].filetype)
  then
    return false
  end

  local config_ok, err = pcall(validate_config, config)
  if not config_ok then
    if logging then
      log.error(('invalid "%s" config: %s'):format(config.name, err))
    end
    return false
  end

  return true
end

--- @param bufnr integer
--- @param config vim.lsp.Config
local function start_config(bufnr, config)
  return vim.lsp.start(config, {
    bufnr = bufnr,
    reuse_client = config.reuse_client,
    _root_markers = config.root_markers,
  })
end

--- @param bufnr integer
local function lsp_enable_callback(bufnr)
  -- Only ever attach to buffers (including "help") that represent an actual file.
  if vim.bo[bufnr].buftype ~= '' and vim.bo[bufnr].buftype ~= 'help' then
    return
  end

  -- Stop any clients that no longer apply to this buffer.
  local clients = lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr, _uninitialized = true })
  for _, client in ipairs(clients) do
    -- Don't index into lsp.config[…] unless is_enabled() is true.
    if
      lsp.is_enabled(client.name)
      -- Check that the client is managed by vim.lsp.config before deciding to detach it!
      and lsp.config[client.name]
    then
      if can_start(bufnr, lsp.config[client.name], false) then
        -- When switch between lsp supported filetype (e.g. json to jsonc like #39498),
        -- client should send `textDocument/didClose` + `textDocument/didOpen` with new language id
        local new_language_id = client.get_language_id(bufnr, vim.bo[bufnr].filetype)
        local old_language_id = client.attached_buffers[bufnr] ---@type string?
        if old_language_id and old_language_id ~= new_language_id then
          client:_text_document_did_close_handler(bufnr)
          client.attached_buffers[bufnr] = new_language_id
          client:_text_document_did_open_handler(bufnr)
        end
      else
        lsp.buf_detach_client(bufnr, client.id)
      end
    end
  end

  -- Start any clients that apply to this buffer.
  for name in vim.spairs(lsp._enabled_configs) do
    local config = lsp.config[name]
    if config and can_start(bufnr, config, true) then
      -- Deepcopy config so changes done in the client
      -- do not propagate back to the enabled configs.
      config = vim.deepcopy(config)

      if type(config.root_dir) == 'function' then
        ---@param root_dir string
        config.root_dir(bufnr, function(root_dir)
          config.root_dir = root_dir
          vim.schedule(function()
            start_config(bufnr, config)
          end)
        end)
      else
        start_config(bufnr, config)
      end
    end
  end
end

--- Auto-activates LSP in each buffer based on the |lsp-config| `filetypes`, `root_markers`, and
--- `root_dir`.
---
--- To disable, pass `enable=false`: Stops related clients and servers (force-stops servers after
--- a timeout, unless `exit_timeout=false`).
---
--- Raises an error under the following conditions:
--- - `{name}` is not a valid LSP config name (for example, `'*'`).
--- - `{name}` corresponds to an LSP config file which raises an error.
---
--- If an error is raised when multiple names are provided, this function will
--- have no side-effects; it will not enable/disable any configs, including
--- ones which contain no errors.
---
--- Examples:
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.lsp.enable('clangd')
--- vim.lsp.enable({'lua_ls', 'pyright'})
--- ```
---
--- Example: To _dynamically_ decide whether LSP is activated, define a |lsp-root_dir()| function
--- which calls `on_dir()` only when you want that config to activate:
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.lsp.config('lua_ls', {
---   root_dir = function(bufnr, on_dir)
---     if vim.fs.ext(vim.fn.bufname(bufnr)) ~= 'txt' then
---       on_dir(vim.fn.getcwd())
---     end
---   end
--- })
--- ```
---
---@since 13
---
--- @param name string|string[] Name(s) of client(s) to enable.
--- @param enable? boolean If `true|nil`, enables auto-activation of the given LSP config on current
--- and future buffers. If `false`, disables auto-activation and stops related LSP clients and
--- servers (force-stops servers after `exit_timeout` milliseconds).
function lsp.enable(name, enable)
  validate('name', name, { 'string', 'table' })

  local names = vim._ensure_list(name) --[[@as string[] ]]

  -- Check for errors, and abort with no side-effects if there is one.
  for _, nm in ipairs(names) do
    if nm:match('%*') then
      error('LSP config name cannot contain wildcard ("*")')
    end

    -- Raise error if `lsp.config[nm]` raises an error, instead of waiting for
    -- the error to be triggered by `lsp_enable_callback()`.
    if enable ~= false then
      _ = lsp.config[nm]
    end
  end

  -- Now that there can be no errors, enable/disable all names.
  for _, nm in ipairs(names) do
    lsp._enabled_configs[nm] = enable ~= false and {} or nil
  end

  if not next(lsp._enabled_configs) then
    -- If there are no remaining LSPs enabled, remove the enable autocmd.
    if lsp_enable_autocmd_id then
      api.nvim_del_autocmd(lsp_enable_autocmd_id)
      lsp_enable_autocmd_id = nil
    end
  else
    -- Only ever create autocmd once to reuse computation of config merging.
    lsp_enable_autocmd_id = lsp_enable_autocmd_id
      or api.nvim_create_autocmd('FileType', {
        group = api.nvim_create_augroup('nvim.lsp.enable', {}),
        callback = function(ev)
          lsp_enable_callback(ev.buf)
        end,
      })
  end

  -- Ensure any pre-existing buffers start/stop their LSP clients.
  if enable ~= false then
    if (vim.v.vim_did_enter == 1 or vim.fn.did_filetype() == 1) and next(lsp._enabled_configs) then
      vim.cmd.doautoall('nvim.lsp.enable FileType')
    end
  else
    for _, nm in ipairs(names) do
      for _, client in ipairs(lsp.get_clients({ name = nm })) do
        client:stop(client.exit_timeout)
      end
    end
  end
end

--- Checks if the given LSP config is enabled (globally, not per-buffer).
---
--- Unlike `vim.lsp.config['…']`, this does not have the side-effect of resolving the config.
---
--- @param name string Config name
--- @return boolean
function lsp.is_enabled(name)
  return lsp._enabled_configs[name] ~= nil
end

--- @class vim.lsp.start.Opts
--- @inlinedoc
---
--- Predicate used to decide if a client should be re-used. Used on all
--- running clients. The default implementation re-uses a client if it has the
--- same name and if the given workspace folders (or root_dir) are all included
--- in the client's workspace folders.
--- @field reuse_client? fun(client: vim.lsp.Client, config: vim.lsp.ClientConfig): boolean
---
--- Buffer handle to attach to if starting or re-using a client (0 for current).
--- @field bufnr? integer
---
--- Whether to attach the client to a buffer (default true).
--- If set to `false`, `reuse_client` and `bufnr` will be ignored.
--- @field attach? boolean
---
--- Suppress error reporting if the LSP server fails to start (default false).
--- @field silent? boolean
---
--- @field package _root_markers? (string|string[])[]

--- Create a new LSP client and start a language server or reuses an already
--- running client if one is found matching `name` and `root_dir`.
--- Attaches the current buffer to the client.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.lsp.start({
---    name = 'my-server-name',
---    cmd = {'name-of-language-server-executable'},
---    root_dir = vim.fs.root(0, {'pyproject.toml', 'setup.py'}),
--- })
--- ```
---
--- See |vim.lsp.ClientConfig| for all available options. The most important are:
---
--- - `name` arbitrary name for the LSP client. Should be unique per language server.
--- - `cmd` command string[] or function. See also |lsp-server|.
--- - `root_dir` path to the project root. By default this is used to decide if an existing client
---   should be re-used. The example above uses |vim.fs.root()| to detect the root by traversing
---   the file system upwards starting from the current directory until either a `pyproject.toml`
---   or `setup.py` file is found.
--- - `workspace_folders` list of `{ uri:string, name: string }` tables specifying the project root
---   folders used by the language server. If `nil` the property is derived from `root_dir` for
---   convenience.
---
--- Language servers use this information to discover metadata like the
--- dependencies of your project and they tend to index the contents within the
--- project folder.
---
---
--- To ensure a language server is only started for languages it can handle,
--- make sure to call |vim.lsp.start()| within a |FileType| autocmd.
--- Either use |:au|, |nvim_create_autocmd()| or put the call in a
--- `ftplugin/<filetype_name>.lua` (See |ftplugin-name|)
---
--- @since 10
---
--- @param config vim.lsp.ClientConfig Configuration for the server.
--- @param opts vim.lsp.start.Opts? Optional keyword arguments.
--- @return integer? client_id
function lsp.start(config, opts)
  opts = opts or {}
  local reuse_client = opts.reuse_client or reuse_client_default
  local bufnr = vim._resolve_bufnr(opts.bufnr)

  if not config.root_dir and opts._root_markers then
    validate('root_markers', opts._root_markers, 'table')
    config = vim.deepcopy(config)

    config.root_dir = vim.fs.root(bufnr, opts._root_markers)
  end

  if
    not config.root_dir
    and (not config.workspace_folders or #config.workspace_folders == 0)
    and config.workspace_required
  then
    log.info(
      ('skipping config "%s": workspace_required=true, no workspace found'):format(config.name)
    )
    return
  end

  for _, client in pairs(lsp.client._all) do
    if reuse_client(client, config) then
      if opts.attach == false then
        return client.id
      end

      if lsp.buf_attach_client(bufnr, client.id) then
        return client.id
      end
      return
    end
  end

  local client_id, err = create_and_init_client(config)
  if err then
    if not opts.silent then
      vim.notify(err, vim.log.levels.WARN)
    end
    return
  end

  if opts.attach == false then
    return client_id
  end

  if client_id and lsp.buf_attach_client(bufnr, client_id) then
    return client_id
  end
end

--- Consumes the latest progress messages from all clients and formats them as a string.
--- Empty if there are no clients or if no new messages
---
---@return string
function lsp.status()
  local percentage = nil
  local messages = {} --- @type string[]
  for _, client in ipairs(vim.lsp.get_clients()) do
    --- @diagnostic disable-next-line:no-unknown
    for progress in client.progress do
      --- @cast progress {token: lsp.ProgressToken, value: lsp.LSPAny}
      local value = progress.value
      if type(value) == 'table' and value.kind then
        local message = value.message and (value.title .. ': ' .. value.message) or value.title
        messages[#messages + 1] = message
        if value.percentage then
          percentage = math.max(percentage or 0, value.percentage)
        end
      end
      -- else: Doesn't look like work done progress and can be in any format
      -- Just ignore it as there is no sensible way to display it
    end
  end
  local message = table.concat(messages, ', ')
  if percentage then
    return string.format('%3d%%: %s', percentage, message)
  end
  return message
end

-- Determines whether the given option can be set by `set_defaults`.
---@param bufnr integer
---@param option string
---@return boolean
local function is_empty_or_default(bufnr, option)
  if vim.bo[bufnr][option] == '' then
    return true
  end

  local info = api.nvim_get_option_info2(option, { buf = bufnr })
  ---@param e vim.fn.getscriptinfo.ret
  local scriptinfo = vim.tbl_filter(function(e)
    return e.sid == info.last_set_sid
  end, vim.fn.getscriptinfo())

  if #scriptinfo ~= 1 then
    return false
  end

  return vim.startswith(scriptinfo[1].name, vim.fn.expand('$VIMRUNTIME'))
end

---@param client vim.lsp.Client
---@param bufnr integer
function lsp._set_defaults(client, bufnr)
  if
    client:supports_method('textDocument/definition') and is_empty_or_default(bufnr, 'tagfunc')
  then
    vim.bo[bufnr].tagfunc = 'v:lua.vim.lsp.tagfunc'
  end
  if
    client:supports_method('textDocument/completion') and is_empty_or_default(bufnr, 'omnifunc')
  then
    vim.bo[bufnr].omnifunc = 'v:lua.vim.lsp.omnifunc'
  end
  if
    client:supports_method('textDocument/rangeFormatting')
    and is_empty_or_default(bufnr, 'formatprg')
    and is_empty_or_default(bufnr, 'formatexpr')
  then
    vim.bo[bufnr].formatexpr = 'v:lua.vim.lsp.formatexpr()'
  end
  vim._with({ buf = bufnr }, function()
    if
      client:supports_method('textDocument/hover')
      and is_empty_or_default(bufnr, 'keywordprg')
      and vim.fn.maparg('K', 'n', false, false) == ''
    then
      vim.keymap.set('n', 'K', function()
        vim.lsp.buf.hover()
      end, { buf = bufnr, desc = 'vim.lsp.buf.hover()' })
    end
  end)
  if client:supports_method('textDocument/diagnostic') then
    lsp.diagnostic._enable(bufnr)
  end
end

--- @deprecated
--- Starts and initializes a client with the given configuration.
--- @param config vim.lsp.ClientConfig Configuration for the server.
--- @return integer? client_id |vim.lsp.get_client_by_id()| Note: client may not be
---         fully initialized. Use `on_init` to do any actions once
---         the client has been initialized.
--- @return string? # Error message, if any
function lsp.start_client(config)
  vim.deprecate('vim.lsp.start_client()', 'vim.lsp.start()', '0.13')
  return create_and_init_client(config)
end

---Buffer lifecycle handler for textDocument/didSave
--- @param bufnr integer
local function text_document_did_save_handler(bufnr)
  changetracking._send_did_save(bufnr)
end

--- @type table<integer,true>
local attached_buffers = {}

--- @param bufnr integer
local function buf_attach(bufnr)
  if attached_buffers[bufnr] then
    return
  end
  attached_buffers[bufnr] = true

  local uri = vim.uri_from_bufnr(bufnr)
  local augroup = ('nvim.lsp.b_%d_save'):format(bufnr)
  local group = api.nvim_create_augroup(augroup, { clear = true })
  api.nvim_create_autocmd('BufWritePre', {
    group = group,
    buf = bufnr,
    desc = 'vim.lsp: textDocument/willSave',
    callback = function(ctx)
      for _, client in ipairs(lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = ctx.buf })) do
        local params = {
          textDocument = {
            uri = uri,
          },
          reason = protocol.TextDocumentSaveReason.Manual, ---@type integer
        }
        if client:supports_method('textDocument/willSave') then
          client:notify('textDocument/willSave', params)
        end
        if client:supports_method('textDocument/willSaveWaitUntil') then
          local result, err =
            client:request_sync('textDocument/willSaveWaitUntil', params, 1000, ctx.buf)
          if result and result.result then
            util.apply_text_edits(result.result, ctx.buf, client.offset_encoding)
          elseif err then
            log.error(vim.inspect(err))
          end
        end
      end
    end,
  })
  api.nvim_create_autocmd('BufWritePost', {
    group = group,
    buf = bufnr,
    desc = 'vim.lsp: textDocument/didSave handler',
    callback = function(ctx)
      text_document_did_save_handler(ctx.buf)
    end,
  })
  -- First time, so attach and set up stuff.
  api.nvim_buf_attach(bufnr, false, {
    on_lines = function(_, _, changedtick, firstline, lastline, new_lastline)
      if #lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr }) == 0 then
        -- detach if there are no clients
        return #lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr, _uninitialized = true }) == 0
      end
      util.buf_versions[bufnr] = changedtick
      changetracking.send_changes(bufnr, firstline, lastline, new_lastline)
    end,

    on_reload = function()
      local clients = lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr })
      local params = { textDocument = { uri = uri } }
      for _, client in ipairs(clients) do
        changetracking.reset_buf(client, bufnr)
        if client:supports_method('textDocument/didClose') then
          client:notify('textDocument/didClose', params)
        end
      end
      for _, client in ipairs(clients) do
        client:_text_document_did_open_handler(bufnr)
      end
    end,

    on_detach = function()
      local clients = lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr, _uninitialized = true })
      for _, client in ipairs(clients) do
        client:_on_detach(bufnr)
      end
      attached_buffers[bufnr] = nil
      util.buf_versions[bufnr] = nil
    end,

    -- TODO if we know all of the potential clients ahead of time, then we
    -- could conditionally set this.
    --      utf_sizes = size_index > 1;
    utf_sizes = true,
  })
end

--- Implements the `textDocument/did…` notifications required to track a buffer
--- for any language server.
---
--- Without calling this, the server won't be notified of changes to a buffer.
---
---@param bufnr (integer) Buffer handle, or 0 for current
---@param client_id (integer) Client id
---@return boolean success `true` if client was attached successfully; `false` otherwise
function lsp.buf_attach_client(bufnr, client_id)
  validate('bufnr', bufnr, 'number', true)
  validate('client_id', client_id, 'number')
  bufnr = vim._resolve_bufnr(bufnr)
  if not api.nvim_buf_is_loaded(bufnr) then
    log.warn(string.format('buf_attach_client called on unloaded buffer (id: %d): ', bufnr))
    return false
  end

  local client = lsp.get_client_by_id(client_id)
  if not client then
    return false
  end

  buf_attach(bufnr)

  if client.attached_buffers[bufnr] then
    return true
  end

  client.attached_buffers[bufnr] = client.get_language_id(bufnr, vim.bo[bufnr].filetype)

  -- This is our first time attaching this client to this buffer.
  -- Send didOpen for the client if it is initialized. If it isn't initialized
  -- then it will send didOpen on initialize.
  if client.initialized then
    client:on_attach(bufnr)
  end
  return true
end

--- Detaches client from the specified buffer.
--- Note: While the server is notified that the text document (buffer)
--- was closed, it is still able to send notifications should it ignore this notification.
---
---@param bufnr integer Buffer handle, or 0 for current
---@param client_id integer Client id
function lsp.buf_detach_client(bufnr, client_id)
  validate('bufnr', bufnr, 'number', true)
  validate('client_id', client_id, 'number')
  bufnr = vim._resolve_bufnr(bufnr)

  local client = lsp.get_client_by_id(client_id)
  if not client or not client.attached_buffers[bufnr] then
    vim.notify(
      string.format(
        'Buffer (id: %d) is not attached to client (id: %d). Cannot detach.',
        bufnr,
        client_id
      )
    )
    return
  else
    client:_on_detach(bufnr)
  end
end

--- Checks if a buffer is attached for a particular client.
---
---@param bufnr integer Buffer handle, or 0 for current
---@param client_id integer the client id
function lsp.buf_is_attached(bufnr, client_id)
  return lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr, id = client_id, _uninitialized = true })[1] ~= nil
end

--- Gets a client by id, or nil if the id is invalid or the client was stopped.
--- The returned client may not yet be fully initialized.
---
---@param client_id integer client id
---
---@return vim.lsp.Client? client rpc object
function lsp.get_client_by_id(client_id)
  return lsp.client._all[client_id]
end

--- Returns list of buffers attached to client_id.
---
---@deprecated
---@param client_id integer client id
---@return integer[] buffers list of buffer ids
function lsp.get_buffers_by_client_id(client_id)
  vim.deprecate(
    'vim.lsp.get_buffers_by_client_id()',
    'vim.lsp.get_client_by_id(id).attached_buffers',
    '0.13'
  )
  local client = lsp.get_client_by_id(client_id)
  return client and vim.tbl_keys(client.attached_buffers) or {}
end

--- Stops a client(s).
---
--- You can also use the `stop()` function on a |vim.lsp.Client| object.
--- To stop all clients:
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.lsp.stop_client(vim.lsp.get_clients())
--- ```
---
--- By default asks the server to shutdown, unless stop was requested already for this client (then
--- force-stop is attempted, unless `exit_timeout=false`).
---
---@deprecated
---@param client_id integer|integer[]|vim.lsp.Client[] id, list of id's, or list of |vim.lsp.Client| objects
---@param force? boolean|integer See |Client:stop()|
function lsp.stop_client(client_id, force)
  vim.deprecate('vim.lsp.stop_client()', 'vim.lsp.Client:stop()', '0.13')
  --- @type integer[]|vim.lsp.Client[]
  local ids = type(client_id) == 'table' and client_id or { client_id }
  for _, id in ipairs(ids) do
    if type(id) == 'table' then
      if id.stop then
        id:stop(force)
      end
    else
      --- @cast id -vim.lsp.Client
      local client = lsp.get_client_by_id(id)
      if client then
        client:stop(force)
      end
    end
  end
end

--- Key-value pairs used to filter the returned clients.
--- @class vim.lsp.get_clients.Filter
--- @inlinedoc
---
--- Only return clients with the given id
--- @field id? integer
---
--- Only return clients attached to this buffer
--- @field bufnr? integer
---
--- Only return clients with the given name
--- @field name? string
---
--- Only return clients supporting the given method
--- @field method? vim.lsp.protocol.Method.ClientToServer
---
--- Also return uninitialized clients.
--- @field package _uninitialized? boolean

--- Gets active clients.
---
---@since 12
---
---@param filter? vim.lsp.get_clients.Filter
---@return vim.lsp.Client[]: List of |vim.lsp.Client| objects
function lsp.get_clients(filter)
  validate('filter', filter, 'table', true)

  filter = filter or {}

  local clients = {} --- @type vim.lsp.Client[]

  local bufnr = filter.bufnr and vim._resolve_bufnr(filter.bufnr)

  for _, client in pairs(lsp.client._all) do
    if
      client
      and (filter.id == nil or client.id == filter.id)
      and (filter.bufnr == nil or client.attached_buffers[bufnr])
      and (filter.name == nil or client.name == filter.name)
      and (filter.method == nil or client:supports_method(filter.method, filter.bufnr))
      and (filter._uninitialized or client.initialized)
    then
      clients[#clients + 1] = client
    end
  end
  return clients
end

---@deprecated
function lsp.get_active_clients(filter)
  vim.deprecate('vim.lsp.get_active_clients()', 'vim.lsp.get_clients()', '0.12')
  return lsp.get_clients(filter)
end

-- Minimum time before warning about LSP exit_timeout on Nvim exit.
local min_warn_exit_timeout = 100

api.nvim_create_autocmd('VimLeavePre', {
  desc = 'vim.lsp: exit handler',
  callback = function()
    local active_clients = lsp.get_clients()
    log.info('exit_handler', active_clients)

    local max_timeout = 0
    for _, client in pairs(active_clients) do
      max_timeout = math.max(max_timeout, vim._tointeger(client.exit_timeout) or 0)
      client:stop(client.exit_timeout)
    end

    local exit_warning_timer = max_timeout > min_warn_exit_timeout
      and vim.defer_fn(function()
        api.nvim_echo({
          {
            string.format(
              'Waiting %ss for LSP exit (Press Ctrl-C to force exit)',
              max_timeout / 1e3
            ),
            'WarningMsg',
          },
        }, true, {})
      end, min_warn_exit_timeout)

    vim.wait(max_timeout, function()
      return vim.iter(active_clients):all(function(client)
        return client.rpc.is_closing()
      end)
    end)

    if exit_warning_timer and not exit_warning_timer:is_closing() then
      exit_warning_timer:close()
    end
  end,
})

---@nodoc
--- Sends an async request for all active clients attached to the
--- buffer.
---
---@param bufnr (integer) Buffer handle, or 0 for current.
---@param method (vim.lsp.protocol.Method.ClientToServer.Request) LSP method name
---@param params? table|(fun(client: vim.lsp.Client, bufnr: integer): table?) Parameters to send to the server
---@param handler? lsp.Handler See |lsp-handler|
---       If nil, follows resolution strategy defined in |lsp-handler-configuration|
---@param on_unsupported? fun()
---       The function to call when the buffer has no clients that support the given method.
---       Defaults to an `ERROR` level notification.
---@return table<integer, integer> client_request_ids Map of client-id:request-id pairs
---for all successful requests.
---@return function _cancel_all_requests Function which can be used to
---cancel all the requests. You could instead
---iterate all clients and call their `cancel_request()` methods.
function lsp.buf_request(bufnr, method, params, handler, on_unsupported)
  validate('bufnr', bufnr, 'number', true)
  validate('method', method, 'string')
  validate('handler', handler, 'function', true)
  validate('on_unsupported', on_unsupported, 'function', true)

  bufnr = vim._resolve_bufnr(bufnr)
  local method_supported = false
  local clients = lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr })
  local client_request_ids = {} --- @type table<integer,integer>
  for _, client in ipairs(clients) do
    if client:supports_method(method, bufnr) then
      method_supported = true

      local cparams = type(params) == 'function' and params(client, bufnr) or params --[[@as table?]]
      local request_success, request_id = client:request(method, cparams, handler, bufnr)
      -- This could only fail if the client shut down in the time since we looked
      -- it up and we did the request, which should be rare.
      if request_success then
        client_request_ids[client.id] = request_id
      end
    end
  end

  -- if has client but no clients support the given method, notify the user
  if next(clients) and not method_supported then
    if on_unsupported == nil then
      vim.notify(lsp._unsupported_method(method), vim.log.levels.ERROR)
    else
      on_unsupported()
    end
    vim.cmd.redraw()
    return {}, function() end
  end

  local function _cancel_all_requests()
    for client_id, request_id in pairs(client_request_ids) do
      local client = lsp.get_client_by_id(client_id)
      if client and client.requests[request_id] then
        client:cancel_request(request_id)
      end
    end
  end

  return client_request_ids, _cancel_all_requests
end

--- Sends an async request for all active clients attached to the buffer and executes the `handler`
--- callback with the combined result.
---
---@since 7
---
---@param bufnr (integer) Buffer handle, or 0 for current.
---@param method (vim.lsp.protocol.Method.ClientToServer.Request) LSP method name
---@param params? table|(fun(client: vim.lsp.Client, bufnr: integer): table?) Parameters to send to the server.
---               Can also be passed as a function that returns the params table for cases where
---               parameters are specific to the client.
---@param handler lsp.MultiHandler (function)
--- Handler called after all requests are completed. Server results are passed as
--- a `client_id:result` map.
---@return function cancel Function that cancels all requests.
function lsp.buf_request_all(bufnr, method, params, handler)
  local results = {} --- @type table<integer,{err: lsp.ResponseError?, result: any, context: lsp.HandlerContext}>
  local remaining --- @type integer?

  local _, cancel = lsp.buf_request(bufnr, method, params, function(err, result, ctx, config)
    if not remaining then
      -- Calculate as late as possible in case a client is removed during the request
      remaining = #lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr, method = method })
    end

    -- The error key is deprecated and will be removed in 0.13
    results[ctx.client_id] = { err = err, error = err, result = result, context = ctx }
    remaining = remaining - 1

    if remaining == 0 then
      handler(results, ctx, config)
    end
  end)

  return cancel
end

--- Sends a request to all server and waits for the response of all of them.
---
--- Calls |vim.lsp.buf_request_all()| but blocks Nvim while awaiting the result.
--- Parameters are the same as |vim.lsp.buf_request_all()| but the result is
--- different. Waits a maximum of {timeout_ms}.
---
---@since 7
---
---@param bufnr integer Buffer handle, or 0 for current.
---@param method vim.lsp.protocol.Method.ClientToServer.Request LSP method name
---@param params? table|(fun(client: vim.lsp.Client, bufnr: integer): table?) Parameters to send to the server.
---               Can also be passed as a function that returns the params table for cases where
---               parameters are specific to the client.
---@param timeout_ms integer? Maximum time in milliseconds to wait for a result.
---                           (default: `1000`)
---@return table<integer, {error: lsp.ResponseError?, result: any}>? result Map of client_id:request_result.
---@return string? err On timeout, cancel, or error, `err` is a string describing the failure reason, and `result` is nil.
function lsp.buf_request_sync(bufnr, method, params, timeout_ms)
  local request_results ---@type table

  local cancel = lsp.buf_request_all(bufnr, method, params, function(it)
    request_results = it
  end)

  local wait_result, reason = vim.wait(timeout_ms or 1000, function()
    return request_results ~= nil
  end, 10)

  if not wait_result then
    cancel()
    return nil, wait_result_reason[reason]
  end

  return request_results
end

--- Send a notification to a server
---
---@since 7
---
---@param bufnr integer? The number of the buffer
---@param method vim.lsp.protocol.Method.ClientToServer.Notification Name of the request method
---@param params any Arguments to send to the server
---
---@return boolean success true if any client returns true; false otherwise
function lsp.buf_notify(bufnr, method, params)
  validate('bufnr', bufnr, 'number', true)
  validate('method', method, 'string')
  local resp = false
  for _, client in ipairs(lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr })) do
    if client.rpc.notify(method, params) then
      resp = true
    end
  end
  return resp
end

--- Implements 'omnifunc' compatible LSP completion.
---
---@see |complete-functions|
---@see |complete-items|
---@see |CompleteDone|
---
---@param findstart integer 0 or 1, decides behavior
---@param base integer findstart=0, text to match against
---
---@return integer|table Decided by {findstart}:
--- - findstart=1: column where the completion starts, or -2 or -3
--- - findstart=0: list of matches (actually just calls |complete()|)
function lsp.omnifunc(findstart, base)
  return vim.lsp.completion._omnifunc(findstart, base)
end

--- @class vim.lsp.formatexpr.Opts
--- @inlinedoc
---
--- The timeout period for the formatting request.
--- (default: 500ms).
--- @field timeout_ms integer

--- Provides an interface between the built-in client and a `formatexpr` function.
---
--- Currently only supports a single client. This can be set via
--- `setlocal formatexpr=v:lua.vim.lsp.formatexpr()` or (more typically) in `on_attach`
--- via `vim.bo[bufnr].formatexpr = 'v:lua.vim.lsp.formatexpr(#{timeout_ms:250})'`.
---
---@param opts? vim.lsp.formatexpr.Opts
function lsp.formatexpr(opts)
  opts = opts or {}
  local timeout_ms = opts.timeout_ms or 500

  if vim.list_contains({ 'i', 'R', 'ic', 'ix' }, vim.fn.mode()) then
    -- `formatexpr` is also called when exceeding `textwidth` in insert mode
    -- fall back to internal formatting
    return 1
  end

  local start_lnum = vim.v.lnum
  local end_lnum = start_lnum + vim.v.count - 1

  if start_lnum <= 0 or end_lnum <= 0 then
    return 0
  end
  local bufnr = api.nvim_get_current_buf()
  for _, client in pairs(lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr })) do
    if client:supports_method('textDocument/rangeFormatting') then
      local params = util.make_formatting_params()
      local end_line = vim.fn.getline(end_lnum) --[[@as string]]
      local end_col = vim.str_utfindex(end_line, client.offset_encoding)
      --- @cast params +lsp.DocumentRangeFormattingParams
      params.range = {
        start = {
          line = start_lnum - 1,
          character = 0,
        },
        ['end'] = {
          line = end_lnum - 1,
          character = end_col,
        },
      }
      local response =
        client:request_sync('textDocument/rangeFormatting', params, timeout_ms, bufnr)
      if response and response.result then
        util.apply_text_edits(response.result, bufnr, client.offset_encoding)
        return 0
      end
    end
  end

  -- do not run builtin formatter.
  return 0
end

--- Provides an interface between the built-in client and 'tagfunc'.
---
--- When used with normal mode commands (e.g. |CTRL-]|) this will invoke
--- the "textDocument/definition" LSP method to find the tag under the cursor.
--- Otherwise, uses "workspace/symbol". If no results are returned from
--- any LSP servers, falls back to using built-in tags.
---
---@param pattern string Pattern used to find a workspace symbol
---@param flags string See |tag-function|
---
---@return table[] tags A list of matching tags
function lsp.tagfunc(pattern, flags)
  return vim.lsp._tagfunc(pattern, flags)
end

--- Provides an interface between the built-in client and a `foldexpr` function.
---
--- To use, set 'foldmethod' to "expr" and set the value of 'foldexpr':
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.o.foldmethod = 'expr'
--- vim.o.foldexpr = 'v:lua.vim.lsp.foldexpr()'
--- ```
---
--- Or use it only when supported by checking for the "textDocument/foldingRange"
--- capability in an |LspAttach| autocommand. Example:
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.o.foldmethod = 'expr'
--- -- Default to treesitter folding
--- vim.o.foldexpr = 'v:lua.vim.treesitter.foldexpr()'
--- -- Prefer LSP folding if client supports it
--- vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('LspAttach', {
---   callback = function(ev)
---     local client = vim.lsp.get_client_by_id(ev.data.client_id)
---     if client:supports_method('textDocument/foldingRange') then
---       local win = vim.api.nvim_get_current_win()
---       vim.wo[win][0].foldexpr = 'v:lua.vim.lsp.foldexpr()'
---     end
---   end,
--- })
--- ```
---
---@param lnum integer line number
function lsp.foldexpr(lnum)
  return vim.lsp._folding_range.foldexpr(lnum)
end

--- Close all {kind} of folds in the the window with {winid}.
---
--- To automatically fold imports when opening a file, you can use an autocmd:
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('LspNotify', {
---   callback = function(ev)
---     if ev.data.method == 'textDocument/didOpen' then
---       vim.lsp.foldclose('imports', vim.fn.bufwinid(ev.buf))
---     end
---   end,
--- })
--- ```
---
---@since 13
---
---@param kind lsp.FoldingRangeKind Kind to close, one of "comment", "imports" or "region".
---@param winid? integer Defaults to the current window.
function lsp.foldclose(kind, winid)
  return vim.lsp._folding_range.foldclose(kind, winid)
end

--- Provides a `foldtext` function that shows the `collapsedText` retrieved,
--- defaults to the first folded line if `collapsedText` is not provided.
function lsp.foldtext()
  return vim.lsp._folding_range.foldtext()
end

---@deprecated Use |vim.lsp.get_client_by_id()| instead.
---Checks whether a client is stopped.
---
---@param client_id integer
---@return boolean stopped true if client is stopped, false otherwise.
function lsp.client_is_stopped(client_id)
  vim.deprecate('vim.lsp.client_is_stopped()', 'vim.lsp.get_client_by_id()', '0.14')
  assert(client_id, 'missing client_id param')
  return not lsp.get_client_by_id(client_id)
end

--- Gets a map of client_id:client pairs for the given buffer, where each value
--- is a |vim.lsp.Client| object.
---
---@param bufnr integer? Buffer handle, or 0 for current
---@return table result is table of (client_id, client) pairs
---@deprecated Use |vim.lsp.get_clients()| instead.
function lsp.buf_get_clients(bufnr)
  vim.deprecate('vim.lsp.buf_get_clients()', 'vim.lsp.get_clients()', '0.12')
  local result = {} --- @type table<integer,vim.lsp.Client>
  for _, client in ipairs(lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = vim._resolve_bufnr(bufnr) })) do
    result[client.id] = client
  end
  return result
end

--- Log level dictionary with reverse lookup as well.
---
--- Can be used to lookup the number from the name or the
--- name from the number.
--- Levels by name: "TRACE", "DEBUG", "INFO", "WARN", "ERROR", "OFF"
--- Level numbers begin with "TRACE" at 0
--- @nodoc
lsp.log_levels = log.levels

--- Sets the global log level for LSP logging.
---
--- Levels by name: "TRACE", "DEBUG", "INFO", "WARN", "ERROR", "OFF"
---
--- Level numbers begin with "TRACE" at 0
---
--- Use `lsp.log_levels` for reverse lookup.
---
---@deprecated
---@see |vim.lsp.log_levels|
---
---@param level (integer|string) the case insensitive level name or number
function lsp.set_log_level(level)
  vim.deprecate('vim.lsp.set_log_level()', 'vim.lsp.log.set_level()', '0.13')

  if type(level) == 'string' or type(level) == 'number' then
    log.set_level(level)
  else
    error(string.format('Invalid log level: %q', level))
  end
end

--- Gets the path of the logfile used by the LSP client.
---
---@deprecated
---@return string path to log file
function lsp.get_log_path()
  vim.deprecate('vim.lsp.get_log_path()', 'vim.lsp.log.get_filename()', '0.13')

  return log.get_filename()
end

---@nodoc
--- Invokes a function for each LSP client attached to a buffer.
---
---@param bufnr integer Buffer number
---@param fn function Function to run on each client attached to buffer
---                   {bufnr}. The function takes the client, client ID, and
---                   buffer number as arguments.
---@deprecated use lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr }) with regular loop
function lsp.for_each_buffer_client(bufnr, fn)
  vim.deprecate(
    'vim.lsp.for_each_buffer_client()',
    'lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr }) with regular loop',
    '0.12'
  )
  bufnr = vim._resolve_bufnr(bufnr)

  for _, client in pairs(lsp.get_clients({ bufnr = bufnr })) do
    fn(client, client.id, bufnr)
  end
end

--- @deprecated
--- Function to manage overriding defaults for LSP handlers.
---@param handler (lsp.Handler) See |lsp-handler|
---@param override_config (table) Table containing the keys to override behavior of the {handler}
function lsp.with(handler, override_config)
  vim.deprecate(
    'vim.lsp.with()',
    'Pass the configuration to equivalent functions in `vim.lsp.buf`',
    '0.12'
  )
  return function(err, result, ctx, config)
    return handler(err, result, ctx, vim.tbl_deep_extend('force', config or {}, override_config))
  end
end

--- Map of client-defined handlers implementing custom (off-spec) commands which a server may
--- invoke. Each key is a unique command name; each value is a function which is called when an LSP
--- action (code action, code lenses, …) requests it by name.
---
--- If an LSP response requests a command not defined client-side, Nvim will forward it to the
--- server as `workspace/executeCommand`.
---
--- - Argument 1 is the `Command`:
---   ```
---   Command
---     title: String
---     command: String
---     arguments?: any[]
---   ```
--- - Argument 2 is the |lsp-handler| `ctx`.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.lsp.commands['java.action.generateToStringPrompt'] = function(_, ctx)
---   require("jdtls.async").run(function()
---     local _, result = request(ctx.bufnr, 'java/checkToStringStatus', ctx.params)
---     local fields = ui.pick_many(result.fields, 'Include item in toString?', function(x)
---       return string.format('%s: %s', x.name, x.type)
---     end)
---     local _, edit = request(ctx.bufnr, 'java/generateToString', { context = ctx.params; fields = fields; })
---     vim.lsp.util.apply_workspace_edit(edit, offset_encoding)
---   end)
--- end
--- ```
---
--- @type table<string,fun(command: lsp.Command, ctx: table)>
lsp.commands = setmetatable({}, {
  __newindex = function(tbl, key, value)
    assert(type(key) == 'string', 'The key for commands in `vim.lsp.commands` must be a string')
    assert(type(value) == 'function', 'Command added to `vim.lsp.commands` must be a function')
    rawset(tbl, key, value)
  end,
})

return lsp
